INDEPENDENCE DAY (15 August) Contents [ hide ] Such was the India of 1947, see - where has the country come from in 75 years! It h...
INDEPENDENCE DAY (15 August)
In which other matters including health, education, agriculture, and crime, how much has the country changed? Know in this report.
It has been 74 years since the country got independence. We went from 34 crores to 137 crores. Earlier the citizen of the country had lived an average of 34 years, now he has lived for 69 years.
The country's GDP increased from Rs 2.93 lakh crore to about Rs 134 lakh crore today. (independence day, 15 August)
The annual income of the common man increased from Rs 274 to more than Rs 1.26 lakh. A lot has changed in the country in these 74 years. Let us know, how much has the country changed since then?
1. The country's population has increased tremendously
When we became independent then the population of the country was around 34 crores. The first census of the country was conducted in 1951. At that time our population was only a little more than 36 crores.The last census was conducted in 2011 when the population increased to over 121 crores. However, the Aadhaar-making body UIDAI estimated the country's population to be more than 137 crores by December 2020. (independence day, 15 August)
2. The income of the common man also increased greatly
The income of the common man has also increased in 74 years. In 1950-51, the annual income of a man in the country was Rs 274. As of today, this amount is very little.Today, even a month's mobile data plan does not come for Rs 274, but at that time a man's year-long earnings were the same. (independence day, 15 August)
Since independence, the annual per capita income in the country has increased hundreds of times.
The per capita income in 2020-21 was more than Rs 1.26 lakh. This figure would have been higher if the coronavirus had not come. (independence day, 15 August)
3. More than 27 crore people are still below the poverty line
According to an estimate, at the time of independence, more than 250 million people of the country were below the poverty line, which is 80% of the population at that time. Since 1956, the number of poverty numbers in our country has been kept. The BS Minhas Commission had given its report to the Planning Commission. It was estimated that in 1956-57, 215 crore people of the country were below the poverty line.
The most recent figures on the poverty line are from 2011-12. According to these figures, 269 million population in the country is below the poverty line.
That is, till that time 22% of the population of the country used to fall below the poverty line.
Who will be poor? Its definition has also been fixed by the government.
According to this, if a person living in the city is earning more than Rs 1000 per month and the person living in the village is earning more than Rs 816 per month, then he will not come below the poverty line.
4. Still not much improvement in the unemployment situation
How much unemployment was there in the country at the time of independence? There is no official data regarding this. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducted the first survey on unemployment in 1972-73.According to that survey, the unemployment rate in the country at that time was 8.35%. (independence day, 15 August)
The last figure from the government regarding the unemployment rate is of 2018-19. According to the survey conducted in 2018-19, the unemployment rate in the country was 5.8%.
However, according to data from the Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMEI), the unemployment rate in the country stood at 6.95% in July 2021.
5. GDP grew more than fifty times
How is the economic health of any country? The measure to know this is GDP i.e. Gross Domestic Product. It is believed that when the British came to India, India's share in the world's GDP was more than 22%.But when he left, this share came down to 3%.
Since independence, our GDP has increased 50 times till now. Our GDP was Rs 2.93 lakh crore in 1950-51, which is estimated to be more than Rs 134 lakh crore in 2020-21.
6. How much has the health infrastructure grown since independence?
Corona told how important a strong health infrastructure is for any country. The health infrastructure of our country has increased significantly since independence.At the time of independence, there were only 30 medical colleges in the country, but now there are 541 colleges.
Not only this, there were 2,014 government hospitals across the country at the time of independence and now their number is more than 23 and a half thousand.
The number of doctors has also increased by more than 12 lakhs.
However, the number of doctors is still less in terms of population. At present, there is one doctor per 1,313 population in the country. Whereas according to WHO, there should be one doctor for every 1000 population. (independence day, 15 August)
7. Child Mortality, Sex Ratio, and Average Age
Since independence, the situation has improved in child mortality rate and average age, but in sex ratio, we have lagged more than before. According to the data, where the death rate per 1000 children was 146 in 1951, it came down to 32 in 2018.That is, in 1951, out of every thousand children, there were 146 children who could not live even a year. (independence day, 15 August)
At the same time, if we talk about the average age, then the average age of the country at the time of independence was 34 years.
That is, at that time a person could live only 34 years on average. However, now the average age has increased to 69 years.
But, instead of improving our condition in sex ratio, it has only worsened. In 1951 there were 946 females for every 1000 males, but now this figure has come down to 934.
8. Once the price of gold was 90 rupees, today it is beyond 50 thousand
People used to call India "Golden Bird". The reason for this was that there used to be gold in every house in our country. Even today, most of the gold in the world is in Indian homes.(independence day, 15 August)
Today the price of 10 grams of gold has reached around 50 thousand. But when we became independent, the cost of 10 grams of gold was not even Rs 90. That is, if we compare according to today,
at the time of independence we could buy 10 grams of gold, today even a liter of petrol does not come in that much. (independence day, 15 August)
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9. Once the price of petrol was 27 paise, today it is beyond 100
After gold, now the talk of petrol prices. Petrol prices in the country have crossed the 100 marks today. But at the time of independence, the cost of one liter of petrol was only 27 paise. By the year 2000, the price of one liter of petrol increased to around Rs 29. (independence day, 15 August)That is, if we are seen today, the amount of petrol we are buying today, at the time of independence, at the same price, more than 350 liters of petrol would have come.
10. Once there were 1.5 lakh schools, today 10 times more than that
According to government data, there were around 1.40 lakh primary and 12,693 middle and high schools in the country as of March 31, 1948. (independence day, 15 August) But today there are more than 15 lakh schools in the country.Similarly, at that time only 414 colleges used to exist in the country and today their number has gone up to 42 thousand.
At that time the budget also used to be only 74 crore rupees and in 2021-22, the central government has given more than 93 thousand crore rupees to the education ministry.
11. Crime up 8.5 times
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), a central government agency, has been keeping records of crimes since 1953. The first report of NCRB came in 1953. (independence day, 15 August)According to him, 6.25 lakh criminal cases were registered in the country in 1952.At that time more than 10 thousand cases were of murder only.
The last report of NCRB has come on the figures of 2019. According to this, in 2019, more than 51.56 lakh cases were registered across the country, in which there were more than 28 thousand murder cases.
There has also been a huge increase in rape cases.
NCRB has been maintaining data of rape cases since 1971. (independence day, 15 August)In 1971, 2,487 rape cases were registered in the country, while in 2019 more than 32 thousand cases were registered.
12. Once the contribution of agriculture in GDP was 46%, now less than 20%
India is an agricultural country. At the time of independence, most of the population of the country was dependent on agriculture. (independence day, 15 August)It is estimated that at that time the livelihood of more than 80% of the population was based on agriculture.Not only this, at that time the contribution of agriculture to the country's GDP was also about half.
According to the Planning Commission, the contribution of agriculture in the country's GDP in 1954-55 was around 46%, which has come down to less than 20% by 2020-21.
However, during this period there has been a tremendous increase in agricultural production. The number of workers engaged in agriculture has also increased.
If we talk about agriculture, then we have to talk about Minimum Support Price (MSP).
In our country, MSP was implemented from 1966-67. (independence day, 15 August)At that time only wheat was bought at MSP. At that time, the government used to give an MSP of Rs 54 on one quintal (100 kg) of wheat. At the same time, today one quintal of wheat gets an MSP of Rs 1,975.
13. Once there were only 3 lakh vehicles, today 30 crores
The Ministry of Road and Transport has been keeping the data of registration of vehicles since 1951. At that time only around 3 lakh vehicles were registered in the country.(independence day, 15 August)But by March 2020, the number of vehicles in the country has reached about 30 crores. Similarly, at the time of 1951, there were only 3.99 lakh km of roads in the country, but now the network of roads in the country has increased to more than 62.16 lakh km.
14. The picture of the railway has changed.
The first train ran in our country on 16 April 1853. The first train covered a distance of 33.6 km between Mumbai and Thane. (independence day, 15 August)After that, the railway tracks were laid and the railway became a lifeline. The railway is also called a lifeline because even today crores of passengers reach their destination every day.
In 1950-51, more than 128 crore passengers used to travel by train in a year, but now their number has increased to more than 800 crores. (independence day, 15 August)The effect of the increase in the number of passengers has also been shown on the earnings of the Railways.
In 1950, where the railways used to get a revenue of Rs 98 crore from passengers, in 2019-20 it has increased to more than Rs 50 thousand crores.
Not only this, at that time the railways used to charge 1.5 paise for every km, but now more than 48 paise is charged on every km. However, if seen, there has not been much increase in railway fares in all these years.
15. The expenditure of the central government also increased a lot
In the end, it is about the expenditure of the central government i.e. the budget. The first budget that came after independence was from 15 August 1947 to 31 March 1948.(independence day, 15 August)In that budget, the government had kept Rs 197 crore. Since then our budget has increased thousands of times. The budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in February this year is Rs 34.83 lakh crore.
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